The Poetry Corner

The Iliad Of Homer: Translated Into English Blank Verse: Book XIV.

By William Cowper

Argument Of The Fourteenth Book. Agamemnon and the other wounded Chiefs taking Nestor with them, visit the battle. Juno having borrowed the Cestus of Venus, first engages the assistance of Sleep, then hastens to Ida to inveigle Jove. She prevails. Jove sleeps; and Neptune takes that opportunity to succor the Grecians. Nor was that cry by Nestor unperceived Though drinking, who in words wing'd with surprise The son of sculapius thus address'd. Divine Machaon! think what this may bode. The cry of our young warriors at the ships Grows louder; sitting here, the sable wine Quaff thou, while bright-hair'd Hecamede warms A bath, to cleanse thy crimson stains away. I from yon eminence will learn the cause. So saying, he took a shield radiant with brass There lying in the tent, the shield well-forged Of valiant Thrasymedes, his own son (For he had borne to fight his father's shield) And arming next his hand with a keen lance Stood forth before the tent. Thence soon he saw Foul deeds and strange, the Grecian host confused, Their broken ranks flying before the host Of Ilium, and the rampart overthrown. As when the wide sea, darken'd over all Its silent flood, forebodes shrill winds to blow, The doubtful waves roll yet to neither side, Till swept at length by a decisive gale;[1] So stood the senior, with distressful doubts Conflicting anxious, whether first to seek The Grecian host, or Agamemnon's self The sovereign, and at length that course preferr'd. Meantime with mutual carnage they the field Spread far and wide, and by spears double-edged Smitten, and by the sword their corselets rang. The royal Chiefs ascending from the fleet, Ulysses, Diomede, and Atreus' son Imperial Agamemnon, who had each Bled in the battle, met him on his way. For from the war remote they had updrawn Their galleys on the shore of the gray Deep, The foremost to the plain, and at the sterns Of that exterior line had built the wall. For, spacious though it were, the shore alone That fleet sufficed not, incommoding much The people; wherefore they had ranged the ships Line above line gradual, and the bay Between both promontories, all was fill'd. They, therefore, curious to survey the fight, Came forth together, leaning on the spear, When Nestor met them; heavy were their hearts, And at the sight of him still more alarm'd, Whom royal Agamemnon thus bespake. Neleian Nestor, glory of the Greeks! What moved thee to forsake yon bloody field, And urged thee hither? Cause I see of fear, Lest furious Hector even now his threat Among the Trojans publish'd, verify, That he would never enter Ilium more Till he had burn'd our fleet, and slain ourselves. So threaten'd Hector, and shall now perform. Alas! alas! the Achaians brazen-greaved All, like Achilles, have deserted me Resentful, and decline their fleet's defence. To whom Gerenian Nestor thus replied. Those threats are verified; nor Jove himself The Thunderer can disappoint them now; For our chief strength in which we trusted most That it should guard impregnably secure Our navy and ourselves, the wall hath fallen. Hence all this conflict by our host sustain'd Among the ships; nor could thy keenest sight Inform thee where in the Achaian camp Confusion most prevails, such deaths are dealt Promiscuous, and the cry ascends to heaven. But come--consult we on the sum of all, If counsel yet may profit. As for you, Ye shall have exhortation none from me To seek the fight; the wounded have excuse. Whom Agamemnon answer'd, King of men. Ah Nestor! if beneath our very sterns The battle rage, if neither trench nor wall Constructed with such labor, and supposed Of strength to guard impregnably secure Our navy and ourselves, avail us aught, It is because almighty Jove hath will'd That the Achaian host should perish here Inglorious, from their country far remote. When he vouchsafed assistance to the Greeks, I knew it well; and now, not less I know That high as the immortal Gods he lifts Our foes to glory, and depresses us. Haste therefore all, and act as I advise. Our ships--all those that nearest skirt the Deep, Launch we into the sacred flood, and moor With anchors safely, till o'ershadowing night (If night itself may save us) shall arrive. Then may we launch the rest; for I no shame Account it, even by 'vantage of the night To fly destruction. Wiser him I deem Who 'scapes his foe, than whom his foe enthralls. But him Ulysses, frowning stern, reproved. What word, Atrides, now hath pass'd thy lips? Counsellor of despair! thou should'st command (And would to heaven thou didst) a different host, Some dastard race, not ours; whom Jove ordains From youth to hoary age to weave the web Of toilsome warfare, till we perish all. Wilt thou the spacious city thus renounce For which such numerous woes we have endured? Hush! lest some other hear; it is a word Which no man qualified by years mature To speak discreetly, no man bearing rule O'er such a people as confess thy sway, Should suffer to contaminate his lips. I from my soul condemn thee, and condemn Thy counsel, who persuad'st us in the heat Of battle terrible as this, to launch Our fleet into the waves, that we may give Our too successful foes their full desire, And that our own prepondering scale May plunge us past all hope; for while they draw Their galleys down, the Grecians shall but ill Sustain the fight, seaward will cast their eyes And shun the battle, bent on flight alone. Then, shall they rue thy counsel, King of men! To whom the imperial leader of the Greeks. Thy sharp reproof, Ulysses, hath my soul Pierced deeply. Yet I gave no such command That the Achaians should their galleys launch, Would they, or would they not. No. I desire That young or old, some other may advice More prudent give, and he shall please me well. Then thus the gallant Diomede replied. That man is near, and may ye but be found Tractable, our inquiry shall be short. Be patient each, nor chide me nor reproach Because I am of greener years than ye, For I am sprung from an illustrious Sire, From Tydeus, who beneath his hill of earth Lies now entomb'd at Thebes. Three noble sons Were born to Portheus, who in Pleuro dwelt, And on the heights of Calydon; the first Agrius; the second Melas; and the third Brave Oeneus, father of my father, famed For virtuous qualities above the rest. Oeneus still dwelt at home; but wandering thence My father dwelt in Argos; so the will Of Jove appointed, and of all the Gods. There he espoused the daughter of the King Adrastus, occupied a mansion rich In all abundance; many a field possess'd Of wheat, well-planted gardens, numerous flocks, And was expert in spearmanship esteem'd Past all the Grecians. I esteem'd it right That ye should hear these things, for they are true. Ye will not, therefore, as I were obscure And of ignoble origin, reject What I shall well advise. Expedience bids That, wounded as we are, we join the host. We will preserve due distance from the range Of spears and arrows, lest already gall'd, We suffer worse; but we will others urge To combat, who have stood too long aloof, Attentive only to their own repose. He spake, whom all approved, and forth they went, Imperial Agamemnon at their head. Nor watch'd the glorious Shaker of the shores In vain, but like a man time-worn approach'd, And, seizing Agamemnon's better hand, In accents wing'd the monarch thus address'd. Atrides! now exults the vengeful heart Of fierce Achilles, viewing at his ease The flight and slaughter of Achaia's host; For he is mad, and let him perish such, And may his portion from the Gods be shame! But as for thee, not yet the powers of heaven Thee hate implacable; the Chiefs of Troy Shall cover yet with cloudy dust the breadth Of all the plain, and backward from the camp To Ilium's gates thyself shalt see them driven. He ceased, and shouting traversed swift the field. Loud as nine thousand or ten thousand shout In furious battle mingled, Neptune sent His voice abroad, force irresistible Infusing into every Grecian heart, And thirst of battle not to be assuaged. But Juno of the golden throne stood forth On the Olympian summit, viewing thence The field, where clear distinguishing the God Of ocean, her own brother, sole engaged Amid the glorious battle, glad was she. Seeing Jove also on the topmost point Of spring-fed Ida seated, she conceived Hatred against him, and thenceforth began Deliberate how best she might deceive The Thunderer, and thus at last resolved; Attired with skill celestial to descend On Ida, with a hope to allure him first Won by her beauty to a fond embrace, Then closing fast in balmy sleep profound His eyes, to elude his vigilance, secure. She sought her chamber; Vulcan her own son That chamber built. He framed the solid doors, And to the posts fast closed them with a key Mysterious, which, herself except, in heaven None understood. Entering she secured The splendid portal. First, she laved all o'er Her beauteous body with ambrosial lymph, Then polish'd it with richest oil divine Of boundless fragrance;[2] oil that in the courts Eternal only shaken, through the skies Breathed odors, and through all the distant earth. Her whole fair body with those sweets bedew'd, She passed the comb through her ambrosial hair, And braided her bright locks streaming profuse From her immortal brows; with golden studs She made her gorgeous mantle fast before, Ethereal texture, labor of the hands Of Pallas beautified with various art, And braced it with a zone fringed all around A hundred fold; her pendants triple-gemm'd Luminous, graceful, in her ears she hung, And covering all her glories with a veil Sun-bright, new-woven, bound to her fair feet Her sandals elegant. Thus full attired, In all her ornaments, she issued forth, And beckoning Venus from the other powers Of heaven apart, the Goddess thus bespake. Daughter beloved! shall I obtain my suit, Or wilt thou thwart me, angry that I aid The Grecians, while thine aid is given to Troy? To whom Jove's daughter Venus thus replied. What would majestic Juno, daughter dread Of Saturn, sire of Jove? I feel a mind Disposed to gratify thee, if thou ask Things possible, and possible to me. Then thus with wiles veiling her deep design Imperial Juno. Give me those desires, That love-enkindling power by which thou sway'st Immortal hearts and mortal, all alike; For to the green earth's utmost bounds I go, To visit there the parent of the Gods, Oceanus, and Tethys his espoused, Mother of all. They kindly from the hands Of Rhea took, and with parental care Sustain'd and cherish'd me, what time from heaven The Thunderer hurled down Saturn, and beneath The earth fast bound him and the barren Deep. Them go I now to visit, and their feuds Innumerable to compose; for long They have from conjugal embrace abstain'd Through mutual wrath, whom by persuasive speech Might I restore into each other's arms, They would for ever love me and revere. Her, foam-born Venus then, Goddess of smiles, Thus answer'd. Thy request, who in the arms Of Jove reposest the omnipotent, Nor just it were nor seemly to refuse. So saying, the cincture from her breast she loosed Embroider'd, various, her all-charming zone. It was an ambush of sweet snares, replete With love, desire, soft intercourse of hearts, And music of resistless whisper'd sounds That from the wisest steal their best resolves; She placed it in her hands and thus she said. Take this--this girdle fraught with every charm. Hide this within thy bosom, and return, Whate'er thy purpose, mistress of it all. She spake; imperial Juno smiled, and still Smiling complacent, bosom'd safe the zone. Then Venus to her father's court return'd, And Juno, starting from the Olympian height, O'erflew Pieria and the lovely plains Of broad Emathia; soaring thence she swept The snow-clad summits of the Thracian hills Steed-famed, nor printed, as she passed, the soil. From Athos o'er the foaming billows borne She came to Lemnos, city and abode Of noble Thoas, and there meeting Sleep, Brother of Death, she press'd his hand, and said, Sleep, over all, both Gods and men, supreme! If ever thou hast heard, hear also now My suit; I will be grateful evermore. Seal for me fast the radiant eyes of Jove In the instant of his gratified desire. Thy recompense shall be a throne of gold, Bright, incorruptible; my limping son, Vulcan, shall fashion it himself with art Laborious, and, beneath, shall place a stool[3] For thy fair feet, at the convivial board. Then answer thus the tranquil Sleep returned Great Saturn's daughter, awe-inspiring Queen! All other of the everlasting Gods I could with ease make slumber, even the streams Of Ocean, Sire of all.[4] Not so the King The son of Saturn: him, unless himself Give me command, I dare not lull to rest, Or even approach him, taught as I have been Already in the school of thy commands That wisdom. I forget not yet the day When, Troy laid waste, that valiant son[5] of his Sail'd homeward: then my influence I diffused Soft o'er the sovereign intellect of Jove; While thou, against the Hero plotting harm, Didst rouse the billows with tempestuous blasts, And separating him from all his friend, Brought'st him to populous Cos. Then Jove awoke, And, hurling in his wrath the Gods about, Sought chiefly me, whom far below all ken He had from heaven cast down into the Deep, But Night, resistless vanquisher of all, Both Gods and men, preserved me; for to her I fled for refuge. So the Thunderer cool'd, Though sore displeased, and spared me through a fear To violate the peaceful sway of Night.[6] And thou wouldst now embroil me yet again! To whom majestic Juno thus replied. Ah, wherefore, Sleep! shouldst thou indulge a fear So groundless? Chase it from thy mind afar. Think'st thou the Thunderer as intent to serve The Trojans, and as jealous in their cause As erst for Hercules, his genuine son? Come then, and I will bless thee with a bride; One of the younger Graces shall be thine, Pasithea, day by day still thy desire. She spake; Sleep heard delighted, and replied. By the inviolable Stygian flood Swear to me; lay thy right hand on the glebe All-teeming, lay thy other on the face Of the flat sea, that all the Immortal Powers Who compass Saturn in the nether realms May witness, that thou givest me for a bride The younger Grace whom thou hast named, divine Pasithea, day by day still my desire. He said, nor beauteous Juno not complied, But sware, by name invoking all the powers Titanian call'd who in the lowest gulf Dwell under Tartarus, omitting none. Her oath with solemn ceremonial sworn, Together forth they went; Lemnos they left And Imbrus, city of Thrace, and in dark clouds Mantled, with gliding ease swam through the air To Ida's mount with rilling waters vein'd, Parent of savage beasts; at Lectos[7] first They quitted Ocean, overpassing high The dry land, while beneath their feet the woods Their spiry summits waved. There, unperceived By Jove, Sleep mounted Ida's loftiest pine Of growth that pierced the sky, and hidden sat Secure by its expanded boughs, the bird Shrill-voiced resembling in the mountains seen,[8] Chalcis in heaven, on earth Cymindis named. But Juno swift to Gargarus the top Of Ida, soar'd, and there Jove saw his spouse. --Saw her--and in his breast the same love felt Rekindled vehement, which had of old Join'd them, when, by their parents unperceived, They stole aside, and snatch'd their first embrace. Soon he accosted her, and thus inquired. Juno! what region seeking hast thou left The Olympian summit, and hast here arrived With neither steed nor chariot in thy train? To whom majestic Juno thus replied Dissembling. To the green earth's end I go, To visit there the parent of the Gods Oceanus, and Tethys his espoused, Mother of all. They kindly from the hands Of Rhea took, and with parental care Sustain'd and cherish'd me;[9] to them I haste Their feuds innumerable to compose, Who disunited by intestine strife Long time, from conjugal embrace abstain. My steeds, that lightly over dank and dry Shall bear me, at the rooted base I left Of Ida river-vein'd. But for thy sake From the Olympian summit I arrive, Lest journeying remote to the abode Of Ocean, and with no consent of thine Entreated first, I should, perchance, offend. To whom the cloud-assembler God replied. Juno! thy journey thither may be made Hereafter. Let us turn to dalliance now. For never Goddess pour'd, nor woman yet So full a tide of love into my breast; I never loved Ixion's consort thus Who bore Pirithos, wise as we in heaven; Nor sweet Acrisian Dane, from whom Sprang Perseus, noblest of the race of man; Nor Phoenix' daughter fair,[10] of whom were born Minos unmatch'd but by the powers above, And Rhadamanthus; nor yet Semele, Nor yet Alcmena, who in Thebes produced The valiant Hercules; and though my son By Semele were Bacchus, joy of man; Nor Ceres golden-hair'd, nor high-enthroned Latona in the skies, no--nor thyself As now I love thee, and my soul perceive O'erwhelm'd with sweetness of intense desire. Then thus majestic Juno her reply Framed artful. Oh unreasonable haste! What speaks the Thunderer? If on Ida's heights. Where all is open and to view exposed Thou wilt that we embrace, what must betide, Should any of the everlasting Gods Observe us, and declare it to the rest? Never could I, arising, seek again, Thy mansion, so unseemly were the deed. But if thy inclinations that way tend, Thou hast a chamber; it is Vulcan's work, Our son's; he framed and fitted to its posts The solid portal; thither let us his, And there repose, since such thy pleasure seems. To whom the cloud-assembler Deity. Fear thou not, Juno, lest the eye of man Or of a God discern us; at my word A golden cloud shall fold us so around, That not the Sun himself shall through that veil Discover aught, though keenest-eyed of all. So spake the son of Saturn, and his spouse Fast lock'd within his arms. Beneath them earth With sudden herbage teem'd; at once upsprang The crocus soft, the lotus bathed in dew, And the crisp hyacinth with clustering bells; Thick was their growth, and high above the ground Upbore them. On that flowery couch they lay, Invested with a golden cloud that shed Bright dew-drops all around.[11] His heart at ease, There lay the Sire of all, by Sleep and Love Vanquish'd on lofty Gargarus, his spouse Constraining still with amorous embrace. Then, gentle Sleep to the Achaian camp Sped swift away, with tidings for the ear Of earth-encircler Neptune charged; him soon He found, and in wing'd accents thus began. Now Neptune, yield the Greeks effectual aid, And, while the moment lasts of Jove's repose, Make victory theirs; for him in slumbers soft I have involved, while Juno by deceit Prevailing, lured him with the bait of love. He said, and swift departed to his task Among the nations; but his tidings urged Neptune with still more ardor to assist The Dana; he leap'd into the van Afar, and thus exhorted them aloud. Oh Argives! yield we yet again the day To Priameian Hector? Shall he seize Our ships, and make the glory all his own? Such is his expectation, so he vaunts, For that Achilles leaves not yet his camp, Resentful; but of him small need, I judge, Should here be felt, could once the rest be roused To mutual aid. Act, then, as I advise. The best and broadest bucklers of the host, And brightest helmets put we on, and arm'd With longest spears, advance; myself will lead; And trust me, furious though he be, the son Of Priam flies. Ye then who feel your hearts Undaunted, but are arm'd with smaller shields, Them give to those who fear, and in exchange Their stronger shields and broader take yourselves. So he, whom, unreluctant, all obey'd. Then, wounded as they were, themselves the Kings, Tydides, Agamemnon and Ulysses Marshall'd the warriors, and from rank to rank Made just exchange of arms, giving the best To the best warriors, to the worse, the worst. And now in brazen armor all array'd Refulgent on they moved, by Neptune led With firm hand grasping his long-bladed sword Keen as Jove's bolt; with him may none contend In dreadful fight; but fear chains every arm. Opposite, Priameian Hector ranged His Trojans; then they stretch'd the bloody cord Of conflict tight, Neptune coerulean-hair'd, And Hector, pride of Ilium; one, the Greeks Supporting firm, and one, the powers of Troy; A sea-flood dash'd the galleys, and the hosts Join'd clamorous. Not so the billows roar The shores among, when Boreas' roughest blast Sweeps landward from the main the towering surge; Not so, devouring fire among the trees That clothe the mountain, when the sheeted flames Ascending wrap the forest in a blaze; Nor howl the winds through leafy boughs of oaks Upgrown aloft (though loudest there they rave) With sounds so awful as were heard of Greeks And Trojans shouting when the clash began. At Ajax, first (for face to face they stood) Illustrious Hector threw a spear well-aim'd, But smote him where the belts that bore his shield And falchion cross'd each other on his breast. The double guard preserved him unannoy'd. Indignant that his spear had bootless flown, Yet fearing death at hand, the Trojan Chief Toward the phalanx of his friends retired. But, as he went, huge Ajax with a stone Of those which propp'd the ships (for numerous such Lay rolling at the feet of those who fought) Assail'd him. Twirling like a top it pass'd The shield of Hector, near the neck his breast Struck full, then plough'd circuitous the dust. As when Jove's arm omnipotent an oak Prostrates uprooted on the plain, a fume Rises sulphureous from the riven trunk, And if, perchance, some traveller nigh at hand See it, he trembles at the bolt of Jove, So fell the might of Hector, to the earth Smitten at once. Down dropp'd his idle spear, And with his helmet and his shield himself Also; loud thunder'd all his gorgeous arms. Swift flew the Grecians shouting to the skies, And showering darts, to drag his body thence, But neither spear of theirs nor shaft could harm The fallen leader, with such instant aid His princely friends encircled him around, Sarpedon, Lycian Chief, Glaucus the brave, Polydamas, neas, and renown'd Agenor; neither tardy were the rest, But with round shields all shelter'd Hector fallen. Him soon uplifted from the plain his friends Bore thence, till where his fiery coursers stood, And splendid chariot in the rear, they came, Then Troy-ward drove him groaning as he went. Ere long arriving at the pleasant stream Of eddied Xanthus, progeny of Jove, They laid him on the bank, and on his face Pour'd water; he, reviving, upward gazed, And seated on his hams black blood disgorged Coagulate, but soon relapsing, fell Supine, his eyes with pitchy darkness veil'd, And all his powers still torpid by the blow. Then, seeing Hector borne away, the Greeks Rush'd fiercer on, all mindful of the fight, And far before the rest, Ajax the swift, The Olean Chief, with pointed spear On Satnius springing, pierced him. Him a nymph A Naiad, bore to Enops, while his herd Feeding, on Satnio's grassy verge he stray'd. But Oliades the spear-renown'd Approaching, pierced his flank; supine he fell, And fiery contest for the dead arose. In vengeance of his fall, spear-shaking Chief The son of Panthus into fight advanced Polydamas, who Prothenor pierced Offspring of Arelocus, and urged Through his right shoulder sheer the stormy lance. He, prostrate, clench'd the dust, and with loud voice Polydamas exulted at his fall. Yon spear, methinks, hurl'd from the warlike hand Of Panthus' noble son, flew not in vain, But some Greek hath it, purposing, I judge, To lean on it in his descent to hell. So he, whose vaunt the Greeks indignant heard. But most indignant, Ajax, offspring bold Of Telamon, to whom he nearest fell. He, quick, at the retiring conqueror cast His radiant spear; Polydamas the stroke Shunn'd, starting sideward; but Antenor's son Archilochus the mortal dint received, Death-destined by the Gods; where neck and spine Unite, both tendons he dissever'd wide, And, ere his knees, his nostrils met the ground. Then Ajax in his turn vaunting aloud Against renown'd Polydamas, exclaim'd. Speak now the truth, Polydamas, and weigh My question well. His life whom I have slain Makes it not compensation for the loss Of Prothenor's life! To me he seems Nor base himself; nor yet of base descent, But brother of Atenor steed-renown'd, Or else perchance his son; for in my eyes Antenor's lineage he resembles most. So he, well knowing him, and sorrow seized Each Trojan heart. Then Acamas around His brother stalking, wounded with his spear Boeotian Promachus, who by the feet Dragg'd off the slain. Acamas in his fall Aloud exulted with a boundless joy. Vain-glorious Argives, archers inexpert! War's toil and trouble are not ours alone, But ye shall perish also; mark the man-- How sound he sleeps tamed by my conquering arm, Your fellow-warrior Promachus! the debt Of vengeance on my brother's dear behalf Demanded quick discharge; well may the wish Of every dying warrior be to leave A brother living to avenge his fall. He ended, whom the Greeks indignant heard, But chiefly brave Peneleus; swift he rush'd On Acamas; but from before the force Of King Peneleus Acamas retired, And, in his stead, Ilioneus he pierced, Offspring of Phorbas, rich in flocks; and blest By Mercury with such abundant wealth As other Trojan none, nor child to him His spouse had borne, Ilioneus except. Him close beneath the brow to his eye-roots Piercing, he push'd the pupil from its seat, And through his eye and through his poll the spear Urged furious. He down-sitting on the earth Both hands extended; but, his glittering blade Forth-drawn, Peneleus through his middle neck Enforced it; head and helmet to the ground He lopp'd together, with the lance infixt Still in his eye; then like a poppy's head The crimson trophy lifting, in the ears He vaunted loud of Ilium's host, and cried. Go, Trojans! be my messengers! Inform The parents of Ilioneus the brave That they may mourn their son through all their house, For so the wife of Alegenor's son Boeotian Promachus must him bewail, Nor shall she welcome his return with smiles Of joy affectionate, when from the shores Of Troy the fleet shall bear us Grecians home. He said; fear whiten'd every Trojan cheek, And every Trojan eye with earnest look Inquired a refuge from impending fate. Say now, ye Muses, blest inhabitants Of the Olympian realms! what Grecian first Fill'd his victorious hand with armor stript From slaughter'd Trojans, after Ocean's God Had, interposing, changed the battle's course? First, Telamonian Ajax Hyrtius slew, Undaunted leader of the Mysian band. Phalces and Mermerus their arms resign'd To young Antilochus; Hyppotion fell And Morys by Meriones; the shafts Right-aim'd of Teucer to the shades dismiss'd Prothus and Periphetes, and the prince Of Sparta, Menelaus, in his flank Pierced Hyperenor; on his entrails prey'd The hungry steel, and, through the gaping wound Expell'd, his spirit flew; night veil'd his eyes. But Ajax Oliades the swift Slew most; him none could equal in pursuit Of tremblers scatter'd by the frown of Jove.